Energy security is a matter of national security and economic stability, and national energy emergency management under major emergencies receives special attention from countries. Major energy-consuming countries have been exploring this field for decades. As the world’s largest consumer and producer of energy, China has built an energy emergency management system based on the “One Case Three Systems” infrastructure. Theoretical and systemic analyses of energy emergency management systems are still scarce. This paper focuses on four dimensions, including organizational system, response mechanism, regulations and plans, and energy reserves to systematically review and summarize the core contents of energy emergency management systems in the United States ( a typical energy consuming countriy). Similarly, China’s energy emergency management system is summarized according to the above four dimensions, and an international comparison is made. It is believed that China can focus on building an all-round, multi-category and whole-process energy emergency management system, starting from specific aspects such as the classification of emergency events, improvement of energy laws and regulations, and construction of energy reserve system, so as to enhance the completeness, practicality, timeliness and stability of China’s energy emergency management system for improving the level of China’s energy security and effectively safeguarding national security.
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